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If you declared another generator with the same name at the entity level, before the class keyword, it would override the global identifier generator. The same approach can be used to declare and apply a @TableGenerator. You aren t limited to the built-in strategies; you can create your own identifier generator by implementing Hibernate s IdentifierGenerator interface. As always, it s a good strategy to look at the Hibernate source code of the existing identifier generators for inspiration. It s even possible to mix identifier generators for persistent classes in a single domain model, but for nonlegacy data we recommend using the same identifier generation strategy for all entities. For legacy data and application-assigned identifiers, the picture is more complicated. In this case, we re often stuck with natural keys and especially composite keys. A composite key is a natural key that is composed of multiple table columns. Because composite identifiers can be a bit more difficult to work with and often only appear on legacy schemas, we only discuss them in the context of chapter 8, section 8.1, Integrating legacy databases. We assume from now on that you ve added identifier properties to the entity classes of your domain model, and that after you completed the basic mapping of each entity and its identifier property, you continued to map value-typed properties of the entities. However, some special options can simplify or enhance your class mappings.

<path id="test.classpath"> <path refid="compile.classpath"/> <pathelement location="${junit.jar}"/> <pathelement location="${build.classes.dir}"/> <pathelement location="${test.classes.dir}"/> </path>

If you check the <hibernate-mapping> and <class> elements in the DTD (or the reference documentation), you ll find a few options we haven t discussed so far:

Dynamic generation of CRUD SQL statements Entity mutability control Naming of entities for querying Mapping package names Quoting keywords and reserved database identifiers Implementing database naming conventions

<!-- ========================================================== --> <!-- Public targets --> <!-- ========================================================== --> <target name="default" depends="dist" description="default: build verything" /> <target name="all" depends="test,dist" description="build and test everything"/> <target name="test" depends="run-tests" description="run tests" /> <target name="docs" depends="javadocs" description="generate documentation" /> <target name="clean" description="Deletes all previous build artifacts"> <delete dir="${build.dir}"/> <delete dir="${build.classes.dir}"/> <delete dir="${dist.dir}"/> <delete <delete <delete <delete </target> dir="${test.dir}"/> dir="${test.classes.dir}"/> dir="${test.data.dir}"/> dir="${test.reports.dir}"/>

By default, Hibernate creates SQL statements for each persistent class on startup. These statements are simple create, read, update, and delete operations for reading a single row, deleting a row, and so on. How can Hibernate create an UPDATE statement on startup After all, the columns to be updated aren t known at this time. The answer is that the generated SQL statement updates all columns, and if the value of a particular column isn t modified, the statement sets it to its old value. In some situations, such as a legacy table with hundreds of columns where the SQL statements will be large for even the simplest operations (say, only one column needs updating), you have to turn off this startup SQL generation and switch to dynamic statements generated at runtime. An extremely large number of entities can also impact startup time, because Hibernate has to generate all SQL statements for CRUD upfront. Memory consumption for this query statement cache will also be high if a dozen statements must be cached for thousands of entities (this isn t an issue, usually). Two attributes for disabling CRUD SQL generation on startup are available on the <class> mapping element:

<target name="dist" depends="taskdef,compile" description="Create JAR"> <jar destfile="${antbook-ant.jar}" basedir="${build.classes.dir}"/> </target>

The dynamic-insert attribute tells Hibernate whether to include null property values in an SQL INSERT, and the dynamic-update attribute tells Hibernate whether to include unmodified properties in the SQL UPDATE. If you re using JDK 5.0 annotation mappings, you need a native Hibernate annotation to enable dynamic SQL generation:

<!-- ========================================================== --> <!-- Private targets --> <!-- ========================================================== --> <target name="release-settings" if="release.build"> <property name="build.debuglevel" value="lines"/> </target> <!-- compile the java sources using the compilation classpath --> <target name="compile" depends="init,release-settings"> <property name="build.optimize" value="false"/> <property name="build.debuglevel" value="lines,vars,source"/> <echo>debug level=${build.debuglevel}</echo> <javac destdir="${build.classes.dir}" debug="${build.debug}" includeAntRuntime="yes" Atypical our code srcdir="${src.dir}"> uses Ant s API <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/> <include name="**/*.java"/>

@Entity @org.hibernate.annotations.Entity( dynamicInsert = true, dynamicUpdate = true ) public class Item { ...

</javac> </target> <target name="javadocs" depends="compile" <mkdir dir="${javadoc.dir}"/> <javadoc author="true" destdir="${javadoc.dir}" packagenames="org.example.antbook.*" sourcepath="${src.dir}" use="true" version="true" windowtitle="ant book task" private="true" > <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/> </javadoc> </target> <target name="test-compile" depends="compile" unless="tests.uptodate"> <javac destdir="${test.classes.dir}" debug="${build.debug}" includeAntRuntime="yes" srcdir="${test.src.dir}"> <classpath refid="test.classpath"/> </javac>

The second @Entity annotation from the Hibernate package extends the JPA annotation with additional options, including dynamicInsert and dynamicUpdate. Sometimes you can avoid generating any UPDATE statement, if the persistent class is mapped immutable.

Instances of a particular class may be immutable. For example, in CaveatEmptor, a Bid made for an item is immutable. Hence, no UPDATE statement ever needs to be executed on the BID table. Hibernate can also make a few other optimizations, such as avoiding dirty checking, if you map an immutable class with the mutable attribute set to false:

<!-- copy resources to be in classpath --> resources <copy todir="${test.classes.dir}"> <fileset dir="${test.src.dir}" excludes="**/*.java"/> </copy> </target> <target name="run-tests" depends="test-compile" unless="tests.uptodate"> <junit printsummary="no" errorProperty="test.failed" failureProperty="test.failed" fork="${junit.fork}"> <classpath refid="test.classpath"/>

<hibernate-mapping default-access="field"> <class name="Bid" mutable="false"> ... </class> </hibernate-mapping>

TEST!

A POJO is immutable if no public setter methods for any properties of the class are exposed all values are set in the constructor. Instead of private setter methods, you often prefer direct field access by Hibernate for immutable persistent classes, so you don t have to write useless accessor methods. You can map an immutable entity using annotations:

<sysproperty key="docs.dir" value="${test.classes.dir}"/> <sysproperty key="index.dir" value="${test.dir}/index"/> <formatter type="xml"/> <formatter type="brief" usefile="false"/> <test name="${testcase}" if="testcase"/> <batchtest todir="${test.data.dir}" unless="testcase"> <fileset dir="${test.classes.dir}" includes="**/*Test.class"/> Run single test </batchtest> technique </junit>

@Entity @org.hibernate.annotations.Entity(mutable = false) @org.hibernate.annotations.AccessType("field") public class Bid { ...